Search for chemical structures by a sketch :2-Phenylbutanoic acid

Category: Benzisoxazole. Welcome to talk about 90-27-7, If you have any questions, you can contact Deng, XJ; Liu, HX; Zhang, LW; Zhang, GY; Yu, ZX; He, W or send Email.

An article Iodoarene-Catalyzed Oxyamination of Unactivated Alkenes to Synthesize 5-Imino-2-Tetrahydrofuranyl Methanamine Derivatives WOS:000606840200018 published article about INTRAMOLECULAR AMINOHYDROXYLATION; STEREOSELECTIVE-SYNTHESIS; ASYMMETRIC DIAMINATION; IODINE(III) REAGENTS; OXIDATIVE AMINATION; C-O; HYPERVALENT; DIFLUORINATION; DIFUNCTIONALIZATION; FLUORINATION in [Deng, Xiao-Jun; Liu, Hui-Xia; Zhang, Lu-Wen; He, Wei] Fourth Mil Med Univ, Sch Pharm, Dept Chem, Xian 710032, Peoples R China; [Zhang, Guan-Yu; Yu, Zhi-Xiang] Peking Univ, Coll Chem, Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci BNLMS, Key Lab Bioorgan Chem & Mol Engn,Minist Educ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China in 2021, Cited 125. Category: Benzisoxazole. The Name is 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-27-7

Reported here is the room-temperature metal-free iodoarene-catalyzed oxyamination of unactivated alkenes. In this process, the alkenes are difunctionalized by the oxygen atom of the amide group and the nitrogen in an exogenous HNTs2 molecule. This mild and open-air reaction provided an efficient synthesis to N-bistosyl-substituted 5-imino-2-tetrahydrofuranyl methanamine derivatives, which are important motifs in drug development and biological studies. Mechanistic study based on experiments and density functional theory calculations showed that this transformation proceeds via activation of the substrate alkene by an in situ generated cationic iodonium(III) intermediate, which is subsequently attacked by an oxygen atom (instead of nitrogen) of amides to form a five-membered ring intermediate. Finally, this intermediate undergoes an S(N)2 reaction by NTs2 as the nucleophile to give the oxygen and nitrogen difunctionalized 5-imino-2-tetrahydrofuranyl methanamine product. An asymmetric variant of the present alkene oxyamination using chiral iodoarenes as catalysts also gave promising results for some of the substrates.

Category: Benzisoxazole. Welcome to talk about 90-27-7, If you have any questions, you can contact Deng, XJ; Liu, HX; Zhang, LW; Zhang, GY; Yu, ZX; He, W or send Email.

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The Absolute Best Science Experiment for 2-Phenylbutanoic acid

Formula: C10H12O2. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C10H12O2, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

An article Decarboxylative Acetoxylation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids WOS:000489201000030 published article about LIGHT PHOTOREDOX CATALYSIS; ALKYL RADICALS; 9-MESITYL-10-METHYLACRIDINIUM ION; OXIDATIVE DECARBOXYLATION; ESLICARBAZEPINE ACETATE; BENZOIC-ACIDS; AMINO-ACIDS; OLEFINATION; ARYLATION; 4-ACETOXY-2-AZETIDINONES in [Senaweera, Sameera; Cartwright, Kaitie C.; Tunge, Jon A.] Univ Kansas, Dept Chem, 1567 Irving Hill Rd, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA in 2019, Cited 82. The Name is 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-27-7. Formula: C10H12O2

Organic molecules bearing acetoxy moieties are important functionalities in natural products, drugs, and agricultural chemicals. Synthesis of such molecules via transition metal-catalyzed C-O bond formation can be achieved in the presence of a carefully chosen directing group to alleviate the challenges associated with regioselectivity. An alternative approach is to use ubiquitous carboxylic acids as starting materials and perform a decarboxylative coupling. Herein, we report conditions for a photocatalytic decarboxylative C-O bond formation reaction that provides rapid and facile access to the corresponding acetoxylated products. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the reaction operates via oxidation of the carboxylate followed by rapid decarboxylation and oxidation by Cu(OAc)(2).

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Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Awesome and Easy Science Experiments about C10H12O2

HPLC of Formula: C10H12O2. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C10H12O2, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

An article Copper-Catalyzed Electrophilic Ortho C(sp(2))-H Amination of Aryl Amines: Dramatic Reactivity of Bicyclic System WOS:000473116000054 published article about C-H AMINATION; CROSS-COUPLING REACTIONS; BOND FORMATION; HALIDES; DISCOVERY; ARENES; LIGAND; OXIDES; WATER in [Begam, Hasina Mamataj; Choudhury, Rajarshee; Behera, Ashok; Jana, Ranjan] CSIR, Indian Inst Chem Biol, Organ & Med Chem Div, 4 Raja SC Mullick Rd, Kolkata 700032, W Bengal, India; [Choudhury, Rajarshee] NIPER, Kolkata 700054, W Bengal, India in 2019, Cited 55. The Name is 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-27-7. HPLC of Formula: C10H12O2

A practical copper-catalyzed, 2-picolinamide-directed ortho C-H amination of anilines with benzoyl protected hydroxylamines has been disclosed that proceeds smoothly without any external stoichiometric oxidant or additives. Remarkably, besides anilines, bicyclic naphthyl or heterocyclic amines furnished amination products with five and six-membered cyclic and acyclic amines at the ortho position selectively. This electrophilic C-H amination also proceeds smoothly in water under slightly modified reaction conditions.

HPLC of Formula: C10H12O2. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C10H12O2, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

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SDS of cas: 90-27-7. Welcome to talk about 90-27-7, If you have any questions, you can contact Yang, F; Sheng, B; Wang, ZH; Xue, Y; Liu, JS; Ma, TY; Bush, R; Kusic, H; Zhou, YB or send Email.

An article Performance of UV/acetylacetone process for saline dye wastewater treatment: Kinetics and mechanism WOS:000613417900001 published article about THERMALLY-ACTIVATED PERSULFATE; ACID ORANGE 7; CRYSTAL VIOLET; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; AZO-DYE; PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION; PHOTOCHEMICAL PROCESSES; OXIDATIVE REMOVAL; ORGANIC-MATTER; SINGLET OXYGEN in [Yang, Fei; Sheng, Bo; Wang, Zhaohui; Xue, Ying; Liu, Jianshe] Donghua Univ, State Environm Protect Engn Ctr Pollut Treatment, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Shanghai 201620, Peoples R China; [Yang, Fei; Xue, Ying; Ma, Tianyi] Univ Newcastle, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; [Wang, Zhaohui] East China Normal Univ, Shanghai Key Lab Urban Ecol Proc & Ecorestorat, Sch Ecol & Environm Sci, Shanghai 200241, Peoples R China; [Wang, Zhaohui] Minist Nat Resources, Technol Innovat Ctr Land Spatial Ecorestorat Metr, 3663 N Zhongshan Rd, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China; [Wang, Zhaohui; Zhou, Yanbo] Shanghai Engn Res Ctr Biotransformat Organ Solid, Shanghai 200241, Peoples R China; [Liu, Jianshe] Shanghai Inst Pollut Control & Ecol Secur, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China; [Bush, Richard] Monash Univ, Sustainable Dev Inst, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia; [Kusic, Hrvoje] Univ Zagreb, Fac Chem Engn & Technol, Zagreb 10000, Croatia; [Zhou, Yanbo] East China Univ Sci & Technol, State Environm Protect Key Lab Environm Risk Asse, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China in 2021, Cited 68. SDS of cas: 90-27-7. The Name is 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-27-7

Futility of traditional advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in saline wastewater treatment has stimulated the quest for novel halotolerant chemical oxidation technology. Acetylacetone (AA) has proven to be a potent photo-activator in the degradation of dyes, but the applicability of UV/AA for saline wastewater treatment needs to be verified. In this study, degradation of crystal violet (CV) was investigated in the UV/AA system in the presence of various concentrations of exogenic Cl- or Br-. The results reveal that degradation, mineralization and even accumulation of adsorbable organic halides (AOX) were not significantly affected by the addition of Cl- or Br-. Rates of CV degradation were enhanced by elevating either AA dosage or solution acidity. An apparent kinetic rate equation was developed as r = -d[CV]/dt = k[CV](a)[AA](b) = (7.34 x 10(-4) mM(1-(a+b)) min(-1)) x [CV](a=0.16) [AA](b=0.97). In terms of results of radical quenching experiments, direct electron/energy transfer is considered as the major reaction mechanism, while either singlet oxygen or triplet state ((3)(AA)*) might be involved. Based on identification of degradation byproducts, a possible degradation pathway of CV in the UV/AA system is proposed.

SDS of cas: 90-27-7. Welcome to talk about 90-27-7, If you have any questions, you can contact Yang, F; Sheng, B; Wang, ZH; Xue, Y; Liu, JS; Ma, TY; Bush, R; Kusic, H; Zhou, YB or send Email.

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Never Underestimate The Influence Of C10H12O2

Quality Control of 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C10H12O2, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

In 2020 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT published article about ALIPHATIC CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; CROSS-COUPLING REACTIONS; REDOX-ACTIVE ESTERS; REGIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS; PHOTOREDOX; LIGHT; ARYLATION; STRATEGY; HALIDES in [Xia, Hai-Dong; Dong, Xiao-Yang; Fang, Jia-Heng; Du, Xuan-Yi; Wang, Li-Lei; Liu, Xin-Yuan] Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Shenzhen Grubbs Inst, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China; [Xia, Hai-Dong; Dong, Xiao-Yang; Fang, Jia-Heng; Du, Xuan-Yi; Wang, Li-Lei; Liu, Xin-Yuan] Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Catalysis, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China; [Li, Zhong-Liang; Gu, Qiang-Shuai] Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Acad Adv Interdisciplinary Studies, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China; [Li, Zhong-Liang; Gu, Qiang-Shuai] Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China in 2020, Cited 88. The Name is 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-27-7. Quality Control of 2-Phenylbutanoic acid

We describe a photoinduced copper-catalyzed asymmetric radical decarboxylative alkynylation of bench-stable N-hydroxyphthalimide(NHP)-type esters of racemic alkyl carboxylic acids with terminal alkynes, which provides a flexible platform for the construction of chiral C(sp(3))-C(sp) bonds. Critical to the success of this process are not only the use of the copper catalyst as a dual photo- and cross-coupling catalyst but also tuning of the NHP-type esters to inhibit the facile homodimerization of the alkyl radical and terminal alkyne, respectively. Owing to the use of stable and easily available NHP-type esters, the reaction features a broader substrate scope compared with reactions using the alkyl halide counterparts, covering (hetero)benzyl-, allyl-, and aminocarbonyl-substituted carboxylic acid derivatives, and (hetero)aryl and alkyl as well as silyl alkynes, thus providing a vital complementary approach to the previously reported method.

Quality Control of 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C10H12O2, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

New explortion of 90-27-7

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Recently I am researching about CANDIDA-ANTARCTICA LIPASE; ENANTIOSELECTIVE HYDROLYSIS; ETHYL-ESTER; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; REACTION SYSTEM; RESOLUTION; IMMOBILIZATION; ESTERIFICATION; SEPARATION; INDOBUFEN, Saw an article supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [21676077]. Published in ELSEVIER SCI LTD in OXFORD ,Authors: Zhang, PL; Cheng, Q; Xu, WF; Tang, KW. The CAS is 90-27-7. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Formula: C10H12O2

An efficient reactive system was established to produce (S)-2-phenylbutyric acid (2-PBA) through the enzymatic enantioselective hydrolysis of 2-phenylbutyrate ester (2-PBAE) in aqueous medium. Lipase CALA from Canadian antarctica and hexyl 2-phenylbutyrate (2-PBAHE) were identified upon screening as the best enzyme and substrate, respectively. Adding hydroxyethyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HE-beta-CD) to improve the solubility of the substrate resulted in a 1.5 times increase in substrate conversion while retaining a high enantioselectivity compared with that when HE-beta-CD was not added. The effects of lipase concentration, substrate concentration and HE-beta-CD concentration, temperature, pH, and reaction time on enantiomeric excess and conversion rate were investigated, and the optimal conditions were identified using response surface methodology (RSM). Under the optimal conditions, namely 50 mg/mL lipase CALA, 30 mmol/L substrate, 60 mmol/L HE-beta-CD, pH of 6.5, temperature of 83 degrees C and reaction time of 18 h, the enantiomeric excess and overall conversion rate were 96.05% and 27.28%, respectively. This work provides an efficient alternative method for improving the conversion of aromatic ester substrates by including beta-cyclodextrin in an aqueous hydrolysis reaction system.

Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C10H12O2, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.. Formula: C10H12O2

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The Shocking Revelation of 2-Phenylbutanoic acid

Welcome to talk about 90-27-7, If you have any questions, you can contact Dong, L; Tang, S; Deng, FC; Gong, YF; Zhao, KF; Zhou, JJ; Liang, DH; Fang, JL; Hecker, M; Giesy, JP; Bai, XT; Zhang, HW or send Email.. Safety of 2-Phenylbutanoic acid

An article Shape-dependent toxicity of alumina nanoparticles in rat astrocytes WOS:000482549900017 published article about OXIDATIVE STRESS; OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; TRYPTOPHAN-METABOLISM; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; DIFFERENT SIZES; CYTOTOXICITY; METABOLOMICS; INFLAMMATION; EXPRESSION; NANOMATERIALS in [Dong, Li; Tang, Song; Deng, Fuchang; Zhao, Kangfeng; Fang, Jianlong; Bai, Xuetao; Zhang, Hongwei] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Environm Hlth, Beijing 100021, Peoples R China; [Tang, Song] Nanjing Med Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Global Hlth, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, Peoples R China; [Deng, Fuchang] Southwest Univ, Coll Biotechnol, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China; [Gong, Yufeng; Hecker, Markus; Giesy, John P.] Univ Saskatchewan, Toxicol Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; [Zhou, Jianjun] Tongji Univ, Sch Med, East Hosp, Res Ctr Translat Med,Canc Stem Cell Inst, Shanghai 310000, Peoples R China; [Liang, Donghai] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA; [Hecker, Markus] Univ Saskatchewan, Sch Environm & Sustainabil, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; [Giesy, John P.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biomed & Vet Biosci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada; [Giesy, John P.] Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA in 2019, Cited 64. Safety of 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. The Name is 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-27-7

Nanosized alumina (Al2O3-NPs), a widely used nanoparticle in numerous commercial applications, is released into environment posing a threat to the health of wildlife and humans. Recent research has revealed essential roles of physicochemical properties of nanoparticles in determining their toxicity potencies. However, influence of shape on neurotoxicity induced by heterogeneous Al2O3 -NPs remains unknown. We herein compared the neurotoxicity of two shapes of gamma-Al2O3-NPs (flake versus rod) and their effects on metabolic profiles of astrocytes in rat cerebral cortex. While exposed to both shapes caused significant cytotoxicity and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner after 72 h exposure, a significantly stronger response was observed for nanorods than for nanoflakes. These effects were associated with significantly greater ROS accumulation and inflammation induction, as indicated by increased concentrations of IL-1 beta, IL-2 and IL-6. Using untargeted metabolomics, significant alternations in metabolism of amino adds, lipids and purines, and pyrimidines were observed after exposure to both types. Moreover, changes in the metabolome caused by nanorods were significantly greater than those by nanoflakes as also indicated by physiological stress responses to ROS, inflammation, and apoptosis. Taken together, these findings demonstrated the critical role of morphology in determining toxic potencies of nanoalumina and its underlying mechanisms of toxic actions. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Welcome to talk about 90-27-7, If you have any questions, you can contact Dong, L; Tang, S; Deng, FC; Gong, YF; Zhao, KF; Zhou, JJ; Liang, DH; Fang, JL; Hecker, M; Giesy, JP; Bai, XT; Zhang, HW or send Email.. Safety of 2-Phenylbutanoic acid

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An overview of features, applications of compound:90-27-7

SDS of cas: 90-27-7. About 2-Phenylbutanoic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Wei, D; Buhaibeh, R; Canac, Y; Sortais, JB or concate me.

In 2019 ORG LETT published article about ONE-POT CONVERSION; SELECTIVE REDUCTION; FACILE REDUCTION; ENANTIOSELECTIVE REDUCTION; CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS; LIGANDS SYNTHESIS; SALEN COMPLEXES; CARBONYL GROUPS; METHYL SULFIDE; ALDEHYDES in [Wei, Duo] Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France; [Wei, Duo; Buhaibeh, Ruqaya; Canac, Yves; Sortais, Jean-Baptiste] Univ Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, LCC, Toulouse, France; [Sortais, Jean-Baptiste] Inst Univ France, 1 Rue Descartes, F-75231 Paris 05, France in 2019, Cited 59. The Name is 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-27-7. SDS of cas: 90-27-7

Re-2(CO)(10) efficiently catalyzes the direct reduction of various carboxylic acids under mild conditions (rt, irradiation 350 or 395 nm). While aliphatic carboxylic acids were readily converted to the corresponding disilylacetals with low catalyst loading (0.5 mol %) in the presence of Et3SiH (2.2 equiv), aromatic analogues required more drastic conditions (Re-2(CO)(10) 5 mol %, Ph2MeSiH 4.0 equiv) to afford the corresponding aldehydes after acid treatment.

SDS of cas: 90-27-7. About 2-Phenylbutanoic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Wei, D; Buhaibeh, R; Canac, Y; Sortais, JB or concate me.

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Downstream Synthetic Route Of 2-Phenylbutanoic acid

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An article Mechanistic Investigation of the Nickel-Catalyzed Carbonylation of Alcohols WOS:000526340300015 published article about AUXILIARY BASIS-SETS; BIMETALLIC OXIDATIVE ADDITION; ATOM-TRANSFER CARBONYLATION; ZETA-VALENCE QUALITY; ARYL HALIDES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; COMPLEX CATALYST; ALLYL HALIDES; ALKYL IODIDES; LOW-PRESSURE in [Sabater, Sara; Menche, Maximilian; Ghosh, Tamal; Hashmi, A. Stephen K.; Schaub, Thomas] Catalysis Res Lab CaRLa, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; [Rueck, Katharina S. L.; Paciello, Rocco; Schaub, Thomas] BASF SE, Organ Synth, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany; [Menche, Maximilian; Schaefer, Ansgar] BASF SE, Quantum Chem, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany; [Krieg, Saskia; Comba, Peter] Heidelberg Univ, Anorgan Chem Inst, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; [Hashmi, A. Stephen K.] Heidelberg Univ, Organ Chem Inst, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany in 2020, Cited 75. The Name is 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-27-7. Safety of 2-Phenylbutanoic acid

The carbonylation of alcohols represents a straightforward and atom-efficient methodology for the preparation of carboxylic acids. It is desirable to perform these reactions under precious metal-free and low-pressure conditions, with regioselectivity control. In this work, we present a detailed mechanistic study of a catalytic system based on NiI2, which can carbonylate benzylic alcohols in a highly regioselective manner to the corresponding branched carboxylic acids, core motifs for nonsteroidal drugs. The combination of catalytic amounts of nickel and iodide is crucial for efficient catalytic and regioselective conversion. Quantum-chemical computations were used to evaluate the underlying mechanistic processes. They revealed that a combination of two mechanisms is responsible for the observed reactivity and that the oxidative addition of alkyl halides to the Ni(0) species follows a radical oxidation pathway via two one-electron steps.

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Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

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Recommanded Product: 90-27-7. Recently I am researching about MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; RHODIUM-CATALYZED HYDROCARBOXYLATION; AB-INITIO PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; BASIS-SETS; CO2 INSERTION; DIRECT CARBOXYLATION; ALKYNES; BORACARBOXYLATION, Saw an article supported by the Research Council of Norway (Centre of Excellence)Research Council of Norway [262695]; Tromso Research Foundation [TFS2016KHH]; NordForsk [85378]; Notur-The Norwegian Metacenter for Computational Science [nn9330k, nn4654k]. Published in AMER CHEMICAL SOC in WASHINGTON ,Authors: Garcia-Lopez, D; Pavlovic, L; Hopmann, KH. The CAS is 90-27-7. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 2-Phenylbutanoic acid

In transition metal-mediated carboxylation reactions, CO2 inserts into a metal-nucleophile bond. At the carboxylation transition state (TS), CO2 may interact with the metal (inner-sphere path) or may insert without being activated by the metal (outersphere path). Currently, there is no consensus as to which path prevails. In order to establish general predictions for the insertion of CO2 into metal-carbon bonds, we computationally analyze a series of experimentally reported Cu, Rh, and Pd complexes. Our focus is on carboxylation of aromatic substrates, including C(sp)(3 )benzyl and C-sp(2) aryl and alkenyl nucleophiles. We observe clear trends, where the nature of the nucleophile determines the preferred path: benzylic C-sp(3), nucleophiles favor outer-sphere and C-sp, systems favor inner-sphere CO2 insertion into the metal-carbon bond. An exception are Cu-benzyl bonds, where inner- and outer-sphere CO2 insertions are found to be competitive, highlighting the need to include both paths in mechanistic studies and in the rationalization of experimental results. For insertion into Pd-C-sp2 bonds, we find that the metal-CO2 interactions at the TS are weak and may be beyond 3 angstrom for sterically congested ligands. Nonetheless, on the basis of a comparison to other TSs, we argue that the CO2 insertion into Pd-C(sp2 )bonds should be classified as inner-sphere.

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Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics