Category: 90-27-7

An article A Mild Method for Access to alpha-Substituted Dithiomalonates through C-Thiocarbonylation of Thioester: Synthesis of Mesoionic Insecticides WOS:000655568100001 published article about CARBON BOND FORMATION; CLAISEN CONDENSATION; PRACTICAL SYNTHESIS; SOFT ENOLIZATION; MICHAEL ADDITION; ACID; BIOSYNTHESIS; DISCOVERY; KETONES; TRIFLUMEZOPYRIM in [Yang, Xinyue; Ma, Yanrong; Di, Huiming; Wang, Xiaochen; Jin, Hui; Zhang, Lixin] Shenyang Univ Chem Technol, Inst Funct Mol, Shenyang 110142, Peoples R China; [Yang, Xinyue; Ma, Yanrong; Di, Huiming; Wang, Xiaochen; Jin, Hui; Zhang, Lixin] Natl Local Joint Engn Lab Dev Boron & Magnesium R, Shenyang 110142, Peoples R China; [Yang, Xinyue; Ma, Yanrong; Di, Huiming; Wang, Xiaochen; Jin, Hui; Zhang, Lixin] Liaoning Prov Key Lab Green Funct Mol Design & De, Shenyang 110142, Peoples R China; [Ryu, Do Hyun] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Chem, Suwon 440746, South Korea in 2021, Cited 53. Safety of 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. The Name is 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-27-7

An efficient method for targeting a variety of symmetrical and asymmetrical alpha-substituted dithiomalonates (DTMs) is described, utilizing 1H-imidazole-1-carbothioates as reactive acylating agents and MgBr2 center dot OEt2/DBU or LiHMDS for soft or hard enolization conditions of thioesters, respectively. The utility of this methodology was demonstrated through the synthesis of the pyridopyrimidine mesoionic insecticides: triflumezopyrim and dicloromezotiaz.

Safety of 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C10H12O2, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In 2019 PHYTOCHEMISTRY published article about QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; PLANT METABOLOMICS; MASS SPECTROMETRY; ARTHRINIUM-PHAEOSPERMUM; SALT STRESS; RICE PLANTS; ARABIDOPSIS; METABOLISM; PURIFICATION; MECHANISMS in [Li, Shujiang; He, Qianqian; Peng, Qi; Fang, Xinmei; Zhu, Tianhui; Qiao, Tianmin; Han, Shan] Sichuan Agr Univ, Coll Forestry, 211 Huimin Rd, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, Peoples R China in 2019, Cited 70. The Name is 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-27-7. Category: Benzisoxazole

Bambusa pervariabilis x Dendrocalamopsis grandis blight, caused by Arthrinium phaeospermum, is one of the most common and serious diseases in bamboo and occurs in the newly born twigs. Bamboo has suffered large dead areas, including more than 3000 hm(2), which greatly threatens the process of returning farmlands to forests and the construction of ecological barriers. To identify differential metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with B. pervariabilis x D. grandis to A. phaeospermum, ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and quadrupole-time of flight (Q-TOF) Mass Spectrometry (MS) combined with a data-dependent acquisition method was used to analyse the entire sample spectrum. In total, 13223 positive ion peaks and 10616 negative ion peaks were extracted. OPLS-DA and several other analyses were performed using the original data. The OPLS-DA models showed good quality and had strong predictive power, indicating clear trends in the analyses of the treatment and control groups. Clustering and KEGG pathway analyses were used to screen the differential metabolites in the treatment and control groups from the three B. pervariabilis X D. grandis varieties and reflected their metabolic responses induced by A. phaeospermum infection. The results showed that the three B. pervariabilis x D. grandis varieties mode showed significant changes in the following six resistance-related metabolites after A. phaeospermum invasion in positive and negative ion modes: proline, glutamine, dictamnine, apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside, glutamate, and cis-Aconitate. The following four main metabolic pathways are involved: Arginine and proline metabolism, Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from shikimate pathway, and Flavone and flavonol biosynthesis. This study lays a foundation for the later detection of differential metabolites and metabolic pathways for targeting, and provides a theoretical basis for disease-resistant breeding and the control of B. pervariabilis x D. grandis blight.

Category: Benzisoxazole. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C10H12O2, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An article Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Selective Reductive Decarboxylative Pyridylation of N-Hydroxyphthalimide Esters: Synthesis of Congested Pyridine-Substituted Quaternary Carbons WOS:000494549700040 published article about C-H FUNCTIONALIZATION; DIRECT ALKYLATION; RADICAL PRECURSORS; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; DIRECT ARYLATION; AMINO-ACIDS; HETEROARENES; BOND; ALCOHOLS; ALKENES in [Gao, Liuzhou; Wang, Guoqiang; Cao, Jia; Chen, Hui; Gu, Yuming; Liu, Xueting; Cheng, Xu; Ma, Jing; Li, Shuhua] Nanjing Univ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Inst Theoret & Computat Chem, Minist Educ,Key Lab Mesoscop Chem, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China; [Cheng, Xu] Nanjing Univ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Inst Chem & Biomed Sci, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China in 2019, Cited 123. The Name is 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-27-7. Recommanded Product: 2-Phenylbutanoic acid

A practical and efficient Lewis acid-catalyzed radical-radical coupling reaction of N-hydroxyphthalimide esters and 4-cyanopyridines with inexpensive bis(pinacolato)-diboron as reductant has been developed. With ZnCl2 as the catalyst, a wide range of quaternary 4-substituted pyridines, including highly congested diarylmethyl and triarylmethyl substituents, could be selectively obtained in moderate to good yields with broad functional group tolerance. Combined theoretical calculations and experimental studies indicate that the Lewis acid could coordinate with the cyano group of the pyridine-boryl radical to lower the activation barrier of the C-C coupling pathway, leading to the formation of 4-substituted pyridines. Moreover, it could also facilitate the decyanation/aromatization of the radical-radical coupling intermediate.

Recommanded Product: 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. About 2-Phenylbutanoic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Gao, LZ; Wang, GQ; Cao, J; Chen, H; Gu, YM; Liu, XT; Cheng, X; Ma, J; Li, SH or concate me.

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

I found the field of Chemistry very interesting. Saw the article Rhenium-Catalyzed Reduction of Carboxylic Acids with Hydrosilanes published in 2019. Quality Control of 2-Phenylbutanoic acid, Reprint Addresses Sortais, JB (corresponding author), Univ Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, LCC, Toulouse, France.; Sortais, JB (corresponding author), Inst Univ France, 1 Rue Descartes, F-75231 Paris 05, France.. The CAS is 90-27-7. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 2-Phenylbutanoic acid

Re-2(CO)(10) efficiently catalyzes the direct reduction of various carboxylic acids under mild conditions (rt, irradiation 350 or 395 nm). While aliphatic carboxylic acids were readily converted to the corresponding disilylacetals with low catalyst loading (0.5 mol %) in the presence of Et3SiH (2.2 equiv), aromatic analogues required more drastic conditions (Re-2(CO)(10) 5 mol %, Ph2MeSiH 4.0 equiv) to afford the corresponding aldehydes after acid treatment.

About 2-Phenylbutanoic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Wei, D; Buhaibeh, R; Canac, Y; Sortais, JB or concate me.. Quality Control of 2-Phenylbutanoic acid

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

I found the field of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences very interesting. Saw the article Metabolomics responses of Bambusa pervariabilis x Dendrocalamopsis grandis varieties to Biotic (pathogenic fungus) stress published in 2019. Product Details of 90-27-7, Reprint Addresses Li, SJ (corresponding author), Sichuan Agr Univ, Coll Forestry, 211 Huimin Rd, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, Peoples R China.. The CAS is 90-27-7. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 2-Phenylbutanoic acid

Bambusa pervariabilis x Dendrocalamopsis grandis blight, caused by Arthrinium phaeospermum, is one of the most common and serious diseases in bamboo and occurs in the newly born twigs. Bamboo has suffered large dead areas, including more than 3000 hm(2), which greatly threatens the process of returning farmlands to forests and the construction of ecological barriers. To identify differential metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with B. pervariabilis x D. grandis to A. phaeospermum, ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and quadrupole-time of flight (Q-TOF) Mass Spectrometry (MS) combined with a data-dependent acquisition method was used to analyse the entire sample spectrum. In total, 13223 positive ion peaks and 10616 negative ion peaks were extracted. OPLS-DA and several other analyses were performed using the original data. The OPLS-DA models showed good quality and had strong predictive power, indicating clear trends in the analyses of the treatment and control groups. Clustering and KEGG pathway analyses were used to screen the differential metabolites in the treatment and control groups from the three B. pervariabilis X D. grandis varieties and reflected their metabolic responses induced by A. phaeospermum infection. The results showed that the three B. pervariabilis x D. grandis varieties mode showed significant changes in the following six resistance-related metabolites after A. phaeospermum invasion in positive and negative ion modes: proline, glutamine, dictamnine, apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside, glutamate, and cis-Aconitate. The following four main metabolic pathways are involved: Arginine and proline metabolism, Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from shikimate pathway, and Flavone and flavonol biosynthesis. This study lays a foundation for the later detection of differential metabolites and metabolic pathways for targeting, and provides a theoretical basis for disease-resistant breeding and the control of B. pervariabilis x D. grandis blight.

Welcome to talk about 90-27-7, If you have any questions, you can contact Li, SJ; He, QQ; Peng, Q; Fang, XM; Zhu, TH; Qiao, TM; Han, S or send Email.. Product Details of 90-27-7

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An article Mechanistic Insights into Copper-Catalyzed Carboxylations WOS:000535187200010 published article about DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; CO2 INSERTION; CARBON; ALKENES; DFT; HYDROCARBOXYLATION; THERMOCHEMISTRY in [Obst, Marc F.; Hopmann, Kathrin H.] UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Hylleraas Ctr Quantum Mol Sci, Dept Chem, N-9037 Tromso, Norway; [Gevorgyan, Ashot; Bayer, Annette] UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Dept Chem, N-9037 Tromso, Norway in 2020, Cited 38. Formula: C10H12O2. The Name is 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-27-7

The copper-NHC-catalyzed carboxylation of organo-boranes with CO2 was investigated using computational and experimental methods. The DFT and DLPNO-CCSD(T) results indicate that nonbenzylic substrates are converted via an inner-sphere carboxylation of an organocopper intermediate, whereas benzylic substrates may simultaneously proceed along both inner- and outer-sphere CO2 insertion pathways. Interestingly, the computations predict that two conceptually different carboxylation mechanisms are possible for benzylic organoboranes, one being copper-catalyzed and one being mediated by the reaction additive CsF. Our experimental evaluation of the computed reactions confirms that carboxylation of nonbenzylic substrates requires copper catalysis, whereas benzylic substrates can be carboxylated with and without copper.

Formula: C10H12O2. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C10H12O2, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Recently I am researching about FT-RAMAN; MOLECULAR DOCKING; CHEMICAL COMPUTATIONS; HOMO-LUMO; IR; DFT; NMR; UV; SPECTRA; DIMER, Saw an article supported by the . Recommanded Product: 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Published in ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV in AMSTERDAM ,Authors: Raajaraman, BR; Sheela, NR; Muthu, S. The CAS is 90-27-7. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 2-Phenylbutanoic acid

2-Phenylbutanoic acid (2PBA) and its functional derivatives 2-amino-2-Phynylbutanoic acid (2APBA), 2-hydroxy-2-Phenylbutanoic acid (2HPBA) and 2-methyl-2-phenylbutanoic acid (2MPBA) are analyzed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations at B3LYP level with basis set 6-311++G(d,p). Experimental studies like FT-IR, FT-Raman, and UV-Visible spectra are carried out and compared with the theoretical molecular geometry and vibrational frequencies. To study donor and acceptor interactions natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis were performed. The observed UV-Vis spectrum compared with the time-dependent TD-DFT analysis gives band gap energies, oscillator strength, and the absorption wavelengths of different molecules. The hyperpolarizability analysis shows that the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the 2PBA, 2APBA, 2HPBA and 2MPBA compounds. The visual bio-active areas of the molecule are estimated by Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP). The important thermodynamic properties like heat capacity, entropy, and enthalpy of the 2PBA, 2APBA, 2HPBA, and 2MPBA were calculated at different temperatures. Molecular docking methods were employed with 2PBA, 2APBA, 2HPBA and 2MPBA molecules with the same set of receptors (proteins) to find the best of four molecules for drug identification. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Welcome to talk about 90-27-7, If you have any questions, you can contact Raajaraman, BR; Sheela, NR; Muthu, S or send Email.. Recommanded Product: 2-Phenylbutanoic acid

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An article Metabolomics responses of Bambusa pervariabilis x Dendrocalamopsis grandis varieties to Biotic (pathogenic fungus) stress WOS:000491607600003 published article about QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; PLANT METABOLOMICS; MASS SPECTROMETRY; ARTHRINIUM-PHAEOSPERMUM; SALT STRESS; RICE PLANTS; ARABIDOPSIS; METABOLISM; PURIFICATION; MECHANISMS in [Li, Shujiang; He, Qianqian; Peng, Qi; Fang, Xinmei; Zhu, Tianhui; Qiao, Tianmin; Han, Shan] Sichuan Agr Univ, Coll Forestry, 211 Huimin Rd, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, Peoples R China in 2019, Cited 70. Application In Synthesis of 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. The Name is 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-27-7

Bambusa pervariabilis x Dendrocalamopsis grandis blight, caused by Arthrinium phaeospermum, is one of the most common and serious diseases in bamboo and occurs in the newly born twigs. Bamboo has suffered large dead areas, including more than 3000 hm(2), which greatly threatens the process of returning farmlands to forests and the construction of ecological barriers. To identify differential metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with B. pervariabilis x D. grandis to A. phaeospermum, ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and quadrupole-time of flight (Q-TOF) Mass Spectrometry (MS) combined with a data-dependent acquisition method was used to analyse the entire sample spectrum. In total, 13223 positive ion peaks and 10616 negative ion peaks were extracted. OPLS-DA and several other analyses were performed using the original data. The OPLS-DA models showed good quality and had strong predictive power, indicating clear trends in the analyses of the treatment and control groups. Clustering and KEGG pathway analyses were used to screen the differential metabolites in the treatment and control groups from the three B. pervariabilis X D. grandis varieties and reflected their metabolic responses induced by A. phaeospermum infection. The results showed that the three B. pervariabilis x D. grandis varieties mode showed significant changes in the following six resistance-related metabolites after A. phaeospermum invasion in positive and negative ion modes: proline, glutamine, dictamnine, apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside, glutamate, and cis-Aconitate. The following four main metabolic pathways are involved: Arginine and proline metabolism, Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from shikimate pathway, and Flavone and flavonol biosynthesis. This study lays a foundation for the later detection of differential metabolites and metabolic pathways for targeting, and provides a theoretical basis for disease-resistant breeding and the control of B. pervariabilis x D. grandis blight.

Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C10H12O2, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.. Application In Synthesis of 2-Phenylbutanoic acid

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An article Cinchona-based zwitterionic stationary phases: Exploring retention and enantioseparation mechanisms in supercritical fluid chromatography with a fragmentation approach WOS:000514749200033 published article about CHIRAL RECOGNITION MECHANISM; BETA-AMINO ACIDS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CAPILLARY ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; PERFORMANCE; SEPARATIONS; INSIGHTS; POLYSACCHARIDE; ENANTIOMER; QUININE in [Raimbault, Adrien; Cam Mai Anh Ma; Bonnet, Pascal; Bourg, Stephane; West, Caroline] Univ Orleans, Inst Organ & Analyt Chem, CNRS UMR 7311, Rue Chartres BP 6759, F-45067 Orleans, France; [Ferri, Martina; Baeurer, Stefanie; Laemmerhofer, Michael] Univ Tubingen, Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Pharmaceut Bio Anal, Morgenstelle 8, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany; [Ferri, Martina] Univ Perugia, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Via Liceo 1, I-06123 Perugia, Italy in 2020, Cited 43. Recommanded Product: 90-27-7. The Name is 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-27-7

Chiralpak ZWIX(+) and ZWIX(-), are brush-type bonded-silica chiral stationary phases (CSPs), based on complex diastereomeric Cinchona alkaloids derivatives bearing both a positive and a negative charge. In the present study, we aimed to improve the understanding of retention and enantioseparation mechanisms of these CSPs employed in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). For this purpose, 9 other stationary phases were used as comparison systems: two of them are commercially available and bear only a positive charge (Chiralpak QN-AX and QD-AX) and the 7 others were designed purposely to be structurally similar to the parent ZWIX phases, but miss some portion of the complex ligand. First, cluster analysis was employed to identify similar and dissimilar behavior among the 11 stationary phases, where ionic interactions appeared to dominate the observed differences. Secondly, the stationary phases were characterized with linear solvation energy relationships (LSER) based on the SFC analysis of 161 achiral analytes and a modified version of the solvation parameter model to include ionic interactions. This served to compare the interaction capabilities for the 11 stationary phases and showed in particular the contribution of attractive and repulsive ionic interactions. Then the ZWIX phases were characterized for their enantioseparation capabilities with a set of 58 racemic probes. Discriminant analysis was applied to explore the molecular structural features that are useful to successful enantioseparation on the ZWIX phases. In particular, it appeared that the presence of positive charges in the analyte is causing increased retention but is not necessarily a favorable feature to enantiorecognition. On the opposite, the presence of negative charges in the analyte favors early elution and enantiorecognition. Finally, a smaller set of 30 pairs of enantiomers, selected by their structural diversity and different enantioseparation values on the ZWIX phases, were analyzed on all chiral phases to observe the contribution of each structural fragment of the chiral ligand on enantioselectivity. Molecular modelling of the ligands also helped in understanding the three-dimensional arrangement of each ligand, notably the intra-molecular hydrogen bonding or the possible contribution of ionic interactions. In the end, each structural element in the ZWIX phases appeared to be a significant contributor to successful enantioresolution, whether they contribute as direct interaction groups (ion-exchange functions) or as steric constraints to orientate the interacting groups towards the analytes. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Recommanded Product: 90-27-7. Welcome to talk about 90-27-7, If you have any questions, you can contact Raimbault, A; Ma, CMA; Ferri, M; Baurer, S; Bonnet, P; Bourg, S; Lammerhofer, M; West, C or send Email.

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An article Metabolomics responses of Bambusa pervariabilis x Dendrocalamopsis grandis varieties to Biotic (pathogenic fungus) stress WOS:000491607600003 published article about QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; PLANT METABOLOMICS; MASS SPECTROMETRY; ARTHRINIUM-PHAEOSPERMUM; SALT STRESS; RICE PLANTS; ARABIDOPSIS; METABOLISM; PURIFICATION; MECHANISMS in [Li, Shujiang; He, Qianqian; Peng, Qi; Fang, Xinmei; Zhu, Tianhui; Qiao, Tianmin; Han, Shan] Sichuan Agr Univ, Coll Forestry, 211 Huimin Rd, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, Peoples R China in 2019, Cited 70. The Name is 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-27-7. Safety of 2-Phenylbutanoic acid

Bambusa pervariabilis x Dendrocalamopsis grandis blight, caused by Arthrinium phaeospermum, is one of the most common and serious diseases in bamboo and occurs in the newly born twigs. Bamboo has suffered large dead areas, including more than 3000 hm(2), which greatly threatens the process of returning farmlands to forests and the construction of ecological barriers. To identify differential metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with B. pervariabilis x D. grandis to A. phaeospermum, ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and quadrupole-time of flight (Q-TOF) Mass Spectrometry (MS) combined with a data-dependent acquisition method was used to analyse the entire sample spectrum. In total, 13223 positive ion peaks and 10616 negative ion peaks were extracted. OPLS-DA and several other analyses were performed using the original data. The OPLS-DA models showed good quality and had strong predictive power, indicating clear trends in the analyses of the treatment and control groups. Clustering and KEGG pathway analyses were used to screen the differential metabolites in the treatment and control groups from the three B. pervariabilis X D. grandis varieties and reflected their metabolic responses induced by A. phaeospermum infection. The results showed that the three B. pervariabilis x D. grandis varieties mode showed significant changes in the following six resistance-related metabolites after A. phaeospermum invasion in positive and negative ion modes: proline, glutamine, dictamnine, apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside, glutamate, and cis-Aconitate. The following four main metabolic pathways are involved: Arginine and proline metabolism, Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from shikimate pathway, and Flavone and flavonol biosynthesis. This study lays a foundation for the later detection of differential metabolites and metabolic pathways for targeting, and provides a theoretical basis for disease-resistant breeding and the control of B. pervariabilis x D. grandis blight.

About 2-Phenylbutanoic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Li, SJ; He, QQ; Peng, Q; Fang, XM; Zhu, TH; Qiao, TM; Han, S or concate me.. Safety of 2-Phenylbutanoic acid

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics