Tag: M.W=150-200

Authors Morisawa, T; Sawamura, M; Shimizu, Y in AMER CHEMICAL SOC published article about ELECTROPHILIC AMINATION; ASYMMETRIC-SYNTHESIS; ENANTIOSELECTIVE AMINATION; DERIVATIVES; ACETALS; ESTERS; CYANOACETATES; CONSTRUCTION; COMPLEXES; STRATEGY in [Sawamura, Masaya; Shimizu, Yohei] Hokkaido Univ, Inst Chem React Design & Discovery WPI ICReDD, Kita Ku, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0010021, Japan; [Morisawa, Takuto; Sawamura, Masaya; Shimizu, Yohei] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Kita Ku, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan in 2019, Cited 45. HPLC of Formula: C10H12O2. The Name is 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-27-7

A boron-catalyzed alpha-amination of simple carboxylic acids was developed. Catalytically generated boron enolates of carboxylic acids reacted with an electrophilic aminating reagent, diisopropylazodicarboxylate, to provide amino acid derivatives. The catalysis afforded not only alpha-monosubstituted glycine derivatives but also alpha,alpha-disubstituted derivatives. The resulting alpha-aminocarboxylic acid was easily converted to carboxylic acid derivatives. Extension to a catalytic asymmetric variant was possible by introducing a chiral ligand on the boron catalyst.

HPLC of Formula: C10H12O2. Welcome to talk about 90-27-7, If you have any questions, you can contact Morisawa, T; Sawamura, M; Shimizu, Y or send Email.

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An article To Bind or Not to Bind: Mechanistic Insights into C-CO2 Bond Formation with Late Transition Metals WOS:000529146900023 published article about MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; RHODIUM-CATALYZED HYDROCARBOXYLATION; AB-INITIO PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; BASIS-SETS; CO2 INSERTION; DIRECT CARBOXYLATION; ALKYNES; BORACARBOXYLATION in [Garcia-Lopez, Diego; Pavlovic, Ljiljana; Hopmann, Kathrin H.] UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Hylleraas Ctr Quantum Mol Sci, Dept Chem, N-9037 Tromso, Norway in 2020, Cited 72. The Name is 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-27-7. Product Details of 90-27-7

In transition metal-mediated carboxylation reactions, CO2 inserts into a metal-nucleophile bond. At the carboxylation transition state (TS), CO2 may interact with the metal (inner-sphere path) or may insert without being activated by the metal (outersphere path). Currently, there is no consensus as to which path prevails. In order to establish general predictions for the insertion of CO2 into metal-carbon bonds, we computationally analyze a series of experimentally reported Cu, Rh, and Pd complexes. Our focus is on carboxylation of aromatic substrates, including C(sp)(3 )benzyl and C-sp(2) aryl and alkenyl nucleophiles. We observe clear trends, where the nature of the nucleophile determines the preferred path: benzylic C-sp(3), nucleophiles favor outer-sphere and C-sp, systems favor inner-sphere CO2 insertion into the metal-carbon bond. An exception are Cu-benzyl bonds, where inner- and outer-sphere CO2 insertions are found to be competitive, highlighting the need to include both paths in mechanistic studies and in the rationalization of experimental results. For insertion into Pd-C-sp2 bonds, we find that the metal-CO2 interactions at the TS are weak and may be beyond 3 angstrom for sterically congested ligands. Nonetheless, on the basis of a comparison to other TSs, we argue that the CO2 insertion into Pd-C(sp2 )bonds should be classified as inner-sphere.

Product Details of 90-27-7. Welcome to talk about 90-27-7, If you have any questions, you can contact Garcia-Lopez, D; Pavlovic, L; Hopmann, KH or send Email.

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In 2020 ORGANOMETALLICS published article about MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; RHODIUM-CATALYZED HYDROCARBOXYLATION; AB-INITIO PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; BASIS-SETS; CO2 INSERTION; DIRECT CARBOXYLATION; ALKYNES; BORACARBOXYLATION in [Garcia-Lopez, Diego; Pavlovic, Ljiljana; Hopmann, Kathrin H.] UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Hylleraas Ctr Quantum Mol Sci, Dept Chem, N-9037 Tromso, Norway in 2020, Cited 72. The Name is 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-27-7. COA of Formula: C10H12O2

In transition metal-mediated carboxylation reactions, CO2 inserts into a metal-nucleophile bond. At the carboxylation transition state (TS), CO2 may interact with the metal (inner-sphere path) or may insert without being activated by the metal (outersphere path). Currently, there is no consensus as to which path prevails. In order to establish general predictions for the insertion of CO2 into metal-carbon bonds, we computationally analyze a series of experimentally reported Cu, Rh, and Pd complexes. Our focus is on carboxylation of aromatic substrates, including C(sp)(3 )benzyl and C-sp(2) aryl and alkenyl nucleophiles. We observe clear trends, where the nature of the nucleophile determines the preferred path: benzylic C-sp(3), nucleophiles favor outer-sphere and C-sp, systems favor inner-sphere CO2 insertion into the metal-carbon bond. An exception are Cu-benzyl bonds, where inner- and outer-sphere CO2 insertions are found to be competitive, highlighting the need to include both paths in mechanistic studies and in the rationalization of experimental results. For insertion into Pd-C-sp2 bonds, we find that the metal-CO2 interactions at the TS are weak and may be beyond 3 angstrom for sterically congested ligands. Nonetheless, on the basis of a comparison to other TSs, we argue that the CO2 insertion into Pd-C(sp2 )bonds should be classified as inner-sphere.

COA of Formula: C10H12O2. Welcome to talk about 90-27-7, If you have any questions, you can contact Garcia-Lopez, D; Pavlovic, L; Hopmann, KH or send Email.

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Li, JH; Wei, JL; Zhu, BC; Wang, T; Jiao, N in [Li, Junhua; Wei, Jialiang; Zhu, Bencong; Jiao, Ning] Peking Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, State Key Lab Nat & Biomimet Drugs, Xue Yuan Rd 38, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China; [Wang, Teng] Beihang Univ, Sch Chem, Xue Yuan Rd 38, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China; [Jiao, Ning] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Organometall Chem, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China published Cu-catalyzed oxygenation of alkene-tethered amides with O(2)via unactivated C & xe001;C bond cleavage: a direct approach to cyclic imides in 2019, Cited 105. Safety of 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. The Name is 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-27-7.

The transformations of unactivated alkenes through C & xe001;C bond double cleavage are always attractive but very challenging. We report herein a chemoselective approach to valuable cyclic imides by a novel Cu-catalyzed geminal amino-oxygenation of unactivated C & xe001;C bonds. O-2 was successfully employed as the oxidant as well as the O-source and was incorporated into alkenyl amides via C & xe001;C bond cleavage for the efficient preparation of succinimide or glutarimide derivatives. Moreover, the present strategy under simple conditions can be used in the late-stage modification of biologically active compounds and the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, which demonstrated the potential application.

Safety of 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Welcome to talk about 90-27-7, If you have any questions, you can contact Li, JH; Wei, JL; Zhu, BC; Wang, T; Jiao, N or send Email.

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An article Reactivity Tuning for Radical-Radical Cross-Coupling via Selective Photocatalytic Energy Transfer: Access to Amine Building Blocks WOS:000494549700072 published article about REDOX-ACTIVE ESTERS; PHOTOCHEMICAL GENERATION; O-ACYLOXIMES; PHOTOREDOX; CATALYSIS; N-(ACYLOXY)PHTHALIMIDES; SECONDARY; AMINATION; MECHANISM; OXIMES in [Soni, Vineet Kumar; Kang, Jihee; Hwang, Ho Seong; Cho, Eun Jin] Chung Ang Univ, Dept Chem, 84 Heukseok Ro, Seoul 06974, South Korea; [Lee, Sumin; Moon, Yu Kyung; You, Youngmin] Ewha Womans Univ, Div Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Seoul 03760, South Korea in 2019, Cited 82. HPLC of Formula: C10H12O2. The Name is 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-27-7

Reductive N-O bond cleavage has been widely explored for providing either N or O radical species for various coupling processes. Despite significant advances, this photoredox pathway is less appealing due to poor atom economy owing to the loss of one fragment during the transformation. In this regard, the homolytic N-O bond cleavage by an energy-transfer pathway to provide two key radicals would be highly desirable for overcoming the limitations of the use of one fragment. We report an exclusive energy-transfer approach for the development of a challenging radical-radical C(sp(3))-N cross-coupling process by reactivity-tuning of the catalytic system. The homolytic N-O bond cleavage of oxime esters in the presence of an Ir complex produces acyloxy and iminyl radicals, which undergo decarboxylative cross-coupling to yield valuable imines (typically 0.25 mol % cat. and 1 h reaction time). Extensive photophysical and electrochemical measurements, as well as density functional theory studies, were carried out to probe the mechanism and the operation of a Dexter-type energy-transfer pathway was revealed. The choice of solvent (EtOAc) and reaction concentration were critical for achieving the selectivity and reactivity in this cross-coupling process. The synthetic utility of this method was explored by studying highly functionalized oxime esters, including derivatives of biologically active natural products and drug molecules. Furthermore, in situ transformations of the imine products into pharmaceutically important amines were also demonstrated, showcasing the utility of the imine products as valuable amine building blocks.

HPLC of Formula: C10H12O2. Welcome to talk about 90-27-7, If you have any questions, you can contact Soni, VK; Lee, S; Kang, J; Moon, YK; Hwang, HS; You, Y; Cho, EJ or send Email.

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

COA of Formula: C10H12O2. In 2021 J ORG CHEM published article about INTRAMOLECULAR AMINOHYDROXYLATION; STEREOSELECTIVE-SYNTHESIS; ASYMMETRIC DIAMINATION; IODINE(III) REAGENTS; OXIDATIVE AMINATION; C-O; HYPERVALENT; DIFLUORINATION; DIFUNCTIONALIZATION; FLUORINATION in [Deng, Xiao-Jun; Liu, Hui-Xia; Zhang, Lu-Wen; He, Wei] Fourth Mil Med Univ, Sch Pharm, Dept Chem, Xian 710032, Peoples R China; [Zhang, Guan-Yu; Yu, Zhi-Xiang] Peking Univ, Coll Chem, Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci BNLMS, Key Lab Bioorgan Chem & Mol Engn,Minist Educ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China in 2021, Cited 125. The Name is 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-27-7.

Reported here is the room-temperature metal-free iodoarene-catalyzed oxyamination of unactivated alkenes. In this process, the alkenes are difunctionalized by the oxygen atom of the amide group and the nitrogen in an exogenous HNTs2 molecule. This mild and open-air reaction provided an efficient synthesis to N-bistosyl-substituted 5-imino-2-tetrahydrofuranyl methanamine derivatives, which are important motifs in drug development and biological studies. Mechanistic study based on experiments and density functional theory calculations showed that this transformation proceeds via activation of the substrate alkene by an in situ generated cationic iodonium(III) intermediate, which is subsequently attacked by an oxygen atom (instead of nitrogen) of amides to form a five-membered ring intermediate. Finally, this intermediate undergoes an S(N)2 reaction by NTs2 as the nucleophile to give the oxygen and nitrogen difunctionalized 5-imino-2-tetrahydrofuranyl methanamine product. An asymmetric variant of the present alkene oxyamination using chiral iodoarenes as catalysts also gave promising results for some of the substrates.

COA of Formula: C10H12O2. Welcome to talk about 90-27-7, If you have any questions, you can contact Deng, XJ; Liu, HX; Zhang, LW; Zhang, GY; Yu, ZX; He, W or send Email.

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An article Metabolomics responses of Bambusa pervariabilis x Dendrocalamopsis grandis varieties to Biotic (pathogenic fungus) stress WOS:000491607600003 published article about QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; PLANT METABOLOMICS; MASS SPECTROMETRY; ARTHRINIUM-PHAEOSPERMUM; SALT STRESS; RICE PLANTS; ARABIDOPSIS; METABOLISM; PURIFICATION; MECHANISMS in [Li, Shujiang; He, Qianqian; Peng, Qi; Fang, Xinmei; Zhu, Tianhui; Qiao, Tianmin; Han, Shan] Sichuan Agr Univ, Coll Forestry, 211 Huimin Rd, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, Peoples R China in 2019, Cited 70. The Name is 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-27-7. Computed Properties of C10H12O2

Bambusa pervariabilis x Dendrocalamopsis grandis blight, caused by Arthrinium phaeospermum, is one of the most common and serious diseases in bamboo and occurs in the newly born twigs. Bamboo has suffered large dead areas, including more than 3000 hm(2), which greatly threatens the process of returning farmlands to forests and the construction of ecological barriers. To identify differential metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with B. pervariabilis x D. grandis to A. phaeospermum, ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and quadrupole-time of flight (Q-TOF) Mass Spectrometry (MS) combined with a data-dependent acquisition method was used to analyse the entire sample spectrum. In total, 13223 positive ion peaks and 10616 negative ion peaks were extracted. OPLS-DA and several other analyses were performed using the original data. The OPLS-DA models showed good quality and had strong predictive power, indicating clear trends in the analyses of the treatment and control groups. Clustering and KEGG pathway analyses were used to screen the differential metabolites in the treatment and control groups from the three B. pervariabilis X D. grandis varieties and reflected their metabolic responses induced by A. phaeospermum infection. The results showed that the three B. pervariabilis x D. grandis varieties mode showed significant changes in the following six resistance-related metabolites after A. phaeospermum invasion in positive and negative ion modes: proline, glutamine, dictamnine, apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside, glutamate, and cis-Aconitate. The following four main metabolic pathways are involved: Arginine and proline metabolism, Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from shikimate pathway, and Flavone and flavonol biosynthesis. This study lays a foundation for the later detection of differential metabolites and metabolic pathways for targeting, and provides a theoretical basis for disease-resistant breeding and the control of B. pervariabilis x D. grandis blight.

Computed Properties of C10H12O2. Welcome to talk about 90-27-7, If you have any questions, you can contact Li, SJ; He, QQ; Peng, Q; Fang, XM; Zhu, TH; Qiao, TM; Han, S or send Email.

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Formula: C10H12O2. In 2020 RSC ADV published article about BOND-CLEAVAGE; DIAMINATION; AMINOOXYGENATION; CARBONYLATION; OXIDATION; AMINES; HYDROGENATION; METHYLATION; OXYGENATION; CYCLIZATION in [Liu, Zhenghui; Yan, Zhenzhong; Chen, Suqing] Taizhou Univ, Sch Pharmaceut & Mat Engn, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, Peoples R China; [Wang, Peng; Ou, Hualin; Tan, Xingxing] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijig Natl Lab Mol Sci, CAS Res Educ Ctr Excellence Mol Sci, Inst Chem, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China; [Wang, Peng] Henan Normal Univ, Key Lab Green Chem Media & React, Minist Educ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Xinxiang, Henan, Peoples R China; [Tan, Xingxing; Yu, Dongkun; Zhao, Xinhui; Mu, Tiancheng] Renmin Univ China, Dept Chem, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China in 2020, Cited 46. The Name is 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-27-7.

A Cu-based homogeneous catalytic system was proposed for the preparation of imides from alkene-tethered amides. Here, O-2 acted as a terminal oxidant and a cheap and easily available oxygen source. The cleavage of C=C bonds and the formation of C-N bonds were catalyzed by Cu(ii) salts with proper nitrogen-containing ligands under 100 degrees C. The synthesis approach has potential applications in pharmaceutical syntheses. Moreover, scaled-up experiments confirmed the practical applicability.

Formula: C10H12O2. Welcome to talk about 90-27-7, If you have any questions, you can contact Liu, ZH; Wang, P; Ou, HL; Yan, ZZ; Chen, SQ; Tan, XX; Yu, DK; Zhao, XH; Mu, TC or send Email.

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Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Authors Naz, S; Uddin, N; Ullah, K; Haider, A; Gul, A; Faisal, S; Nadhman, A; Bibi, M; Yousuf, S; Ali, S in ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA published article about TRANSITION-METAL-COMPLEXES; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; DNA-BINDING; SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION; INDOLE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID; ENZYME-INHIBITION; ZN(II); LIGAND; DRUG in [Naz, Saba; Uddin, Noor; Ullah, Kaleem; Haider, Ali; Ali, Saqib] Quaid I Azam Univ, Dept Chem, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; [Gul, Amna; Faisal, Sulaiman; Nadhman, Akhtar] CECOS Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Inst Integrat Biosci, Peshawar, Pakistan; [Bibi, Memoona; Yousuf, Sammer] Univ Karachi, HEJ Res Inst Chem, Int Ctr Chem & Biol Sci, Karachi 75270, Pakistan in 2020, Cited 77. Safety of 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. The Name is 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-27-7

A series of five new zinc(II) complexes of 2-phenylbutyric acid comprising of one homoleptic (1) and four heteroleptic (2-5) complexes were synthesized under open beaker conditions. The behavior of the complexes in the solid and solution state was explored through FT-IR and NMR (H-1 and C-13) spectroscopy, respectively. Crystallographic data have revealed that complexes 2 and 3 crystallized in monoclinic and triclinic crystal system, respectively, with a distorted octahedral geometry, whereas complex 4 crystallized in monoclinic crystal system with a pentagonal geometry around the zinc(II) atom. All the complexes have been screened for enzyme (alkaline phosphatase) inhibition, in vitro hemolysis and antileishmanial activity, DNA and cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) interaction. The increase in the concentration of complexes 1, 2, 4 and 5 remarkably decreases the activity of enzyme alkaline phosphatase, whereas complex 3 was found inactive. The behavior of the complexes as a potent drug is clear from the results of hemolysis and antileishmanial activity against promastigote. The UV-Vis spectroscopic data of complexes-DNA interactions suggested a surface binding mode whereas the interaction of CTAB with complexes, studied through conductometry, confirmed strong in-teracting ability of complexes with CTAB.

Safety of 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Welcome to talk about 90-27-7, If you have any questions, you can contact Naz, S; Uddin, N; Ullah, K; Haider, A; Gul, A; Faisal, S; Nadhman, A; Bibi, M; Yousuf, S; Ali, S or send Email.

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An article Performance of UV/acetylacetone process for saline dye wastewater treatment: Kinetics and mechanism WOS:000613417900001 published article about THERMALLY-ACTIVATED PERSULFATE; ACID ORANGE 7; CRYSTAL VIOLET; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; AZO-DYE; PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION; PHOTOCHEMICAL PROCESSES; OXIDATIVE REMOVAL; ORGANIC-MATTER; SINGLET OXYGEN in [Yang, Fei; Sheng, Bo; Wang, Zhaohui; Xue, Ying; Liu, Jianshe] Donghua Univ, State Environm Protect Engn Ctr Pollut Treatment, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Shanghai 201620, Peoples R China; [Yang, Fei; Xue, Ying; Ma, Tianyi] Univ Newcastle, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; [Wang, Zhaohui] East China Normal Univ, Shanghai Key Lab Urban Ecol Proc & Ecorestorat, Sch Ecol & Environm Sci, Shanghai 200241, Peoples R China; [Wang, Zhaohui] Minist Nat Resources, Technol Innovat Ctr Land Spatial Ecorestorat Metr, 3663 N Zhongshan Rd, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China; [Wang, Zhaohui; Zhou, Yanbo] Shanghai Engn Res Ctr Biotransformat Organ Solid, Shanghai 200241, Peoples R China; [Liu, Jianshe] Shanghai Inst Pollut Control & Ecol Secur, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China; [Bush, Richard] Monash Univ, Sustainable Dev Inst, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia; [Kusic, Hrvoje] Univ Zagreb, Fac Chem Engn & Technol, Zagreb 10000, Croatia; [Zhou, Yanbo] East China Univ Sci & Technol, State Environm Protect Key Lab Environm Risk Asse, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China in 2021, Cited 68. The Name is 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 90-27-7. Safety of 2-Phenylbutanoic acid

Futility of traditional advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in saline wastewater treatment has stimulated the quest for novel halotolerant chemical oxidation technology. Acetylacetone (AA) has proven to be a potent photo-activator in the degradation of dyes, but the applicability of UV/AA for saline wastewater treatment needs to be verified. In this study, degradation of crystal violet (CV) was investigated in the UV/AA system in the presence of various concentrations of exogenic Cl- or Br-. The results reveal that degradation, mineralization and even accumulation of adsorbable organic halides (AOX) were not significantly affected by the addition of Cl- or Br-. Rates of CV degradation were enhanced by elevating either AA dosage or solution acidity. An apparent kinetic rate equation was developed as r = -d[CV]/dt = k[CV](a)[AA](b) = (7.34 x 10(-4) mM(1-(a+b)) min(-1)) x [CV](a=0.16) [AA](b=0.97). In terms of results of radical quenching experiments, direct electron/energy transfer is considered as the major reaction mechanism, while either singlet oxygen or triplet state ((3)(AA)*) might be involved. Based on identification of degradation byproducts, a possible degradation pathway of CV in the UV/AA system is proposed.

Safety of 2-Phenylbutanoic acid. Welcome to talk about 90-27-7, If you have any questions, you can contact Yang, F; Sheng, B; Wang, ZH; Xue, Y; Liu, JS; Ma, TY; Bush, R; Kusic, H; Zhou, YB or send Email.

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics