Tag: M.W:200-300

Reference of 57-11-4, New Advances in Chemical Research, May 2021. Redox catalysis has been broadly utilized in electrochemical synthesis due to its kinetic advantages over direct electrolysis. 57-11-4, Name is Stearic acid, SMILES is CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O, belongs to benzisoxazole compound. In a article, author is Sano, Hiromi, introduce new discover of the category.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain and shows motor dysfunctions. Zonisamide (ZNS, 1,2-benzisoxazole-3-methanesulfonamide), which was originally developed as an antiepileptic drug, was also found to have beneficial effects on motor symptoms in PD. In the current study, we have investigated the behavioral and physiological effects of ZNS on L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) in PD model mice. Chronic administration of L-DOPA plus ZNS in PD model mice was shown to increase the duration and severity of LID compared with PD model mice that were treated with L-DOPA alone. To elucidate the neural mechanism of the effects of ZNS on LID, we examined neuronal activity in the output nuclei of the basal ganglia, i.e., the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr). Chronic administration of L-DOPA plus ZNS in PD mice decreased the firing rate in the SNr while they showed apparent LID. In addition, chronic treatment of L-DOPA plus ZNS in PD mice changed cortically evoked responses in the SNr during LID. In the control state, motor cortical stimulation induces the triphasic response composed of early excitation, inhibition, and late excitation. In contrast, L-DOPA plus ZNS-treated PD mice showed longer inhibition and reduced late excitation. Previous studies proposed that inhibition in the SNr is derived from the direct pathway and releases movements, and that late excitation is derived from the indirect pathway and stops movements. These changes of the direct and indirect pathways possibly underlie the effects of ZNS on LID.

Reference of 57-11-4, Each elementary reaction can be described in terms of its molecularity, the number of molecules that collide in that step. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is the rate-determining step.you can also check out more blogs about 57-11-4.

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Application of 719-64-2, New Advances in Chemical Research, May 2021. Redox catalysis has been broadly utilized in electrochemical synthesis due to its kinetic advantages over direct electrolysis. 719-64-2, Name is 5-Chloro-3-phenylbenzo[c]isoxazole, SMILES is ClC1=CC2=C(C3=CC=CC=C3)ON=C2C=C1, belongs to benzisoxazole compound. In a article, author is White, HS, introduce new discover of the category.

The inhibitory effect of 3-hydroxy-4-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro1,2-benzisoxazole (exo-THPO) and its N-methylated (N-methylexo-THPO) and N-ethylated (N-ethyl-exo-THPO) analogs, derived from gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-3-ol (THPO) on GABA transport was investigated using cultured neocortical neurons (GABAergic) and astrocytes and cloned mouse GABA transporters GAT1-4 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. Anticonvulsant activity was assessed after i.c.v. administration to Frings audiogenic seizure-susceptible mice. Anticonvulsant activity of the O-pivaloyloxymethyl prodrug of N-methyl-exo-THPO was assessed after i.p. administration. Results from these studies were compared with those obtained from similar studies with the novel anticonvulsant drug tiagabine, which acts via inhibition of GABA transport. exo-THPO and its N-alkyl analogs inhibited neuronal, astrocytic, and GAT1-mediated GABA transport but not GABA uptake mediated by GAT2-4. N-Methyl-exo-THPO was 8-fold more potent as an inhibitor of astrocytic versus neuronal GABA uptake. The IC50 value for inhibition of GABA uptake by GAT1 closely reflected its IC50 value for inhibition of neuronal uptake. Tiagabine was approximately 1000-fold more potent than exoTHPO and its alkyl derivatives as an inhibitor of GABA uptake in cultured neural cells and GAT1-expressing HEK 293 cells. exoTHPO, its alkylated analogs, and tiagabine displayed a time- and dose-dependent inhibition of audiogenic seizures after i.c.v. administration. N-Methyl-exo-THPO was the most potent anticonvulsant among the exo-THPO compounds tested and only slightly less potent than tiagabine. The findings suggest a correlation between anticonvulsant efficacy and selective inhibition of astroglial GABA uptake. Furthermore, results obtained with the N-methyl-exo-THPO prodrug demonstrate the feasibility of developing a glial-selective GABA uptake inhibitor with systemic bioavailability.

Application of 719-64-2, Because enzymes can increase reaction rates by enormous factors and tend to be very specific, typically producing only a single product in quantitative yield, they are the focus of active research.you can also check out more blogs about 719-64-2.

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Research speed reading in 2021.The appropriate choice of redox mediator can avoid electrode passivation and overpotential, which strongly inhibit the efficient activation of substrates in electrolysis. , Name: alpha-Cyclopentylmandelic Acid, Introducing a new discovery about 427-49-6, Name is alpha-Cyclopentylmandelic Acid, molecular formula is C13H16O3, belongs to benzisoxazole compound. In a document, author is Marti, L..

2,1-Benzisoxazoles have been selectively synthesized through reductive heterocyclization of 2-nitroacylarenes using Pt supported nanoparticles. The reaction involves a cascade process in which the first step is the reduction of the nitro group into hydroxylamine followed by heterocyclization through the nucleophilic attack of the hydroxylamine group to the carbonyl of the acyl group and further dehydration. The reaction was performed on Pt/C, Pt/TiO2, and Pt/MgO using hydrogen as the reducing agent under mild reaction conditions. The results showed that Pt/MgO was the most active and selective catalyst. The study of the influence of the crystal size of the metal on the activity and selectivity, combined with the reaction mechanism examined by in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the adsorbed reactant, showed that the maximum activity and selectivity to the target compound can be achieved by controlling the architecture of metal particles and acid base properties of the support. The effect of temperature on selectivity, the stability of the Pt/MgO catalyst, and the scope of the reaction have been studied. Finally, reductive heterocyclization using different metals (Pd and Au) supported on MgO has also been performed.

If you are interested in 427-49-6, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Name: alpha-Cyclopentylmandelic Acid.

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

New Advances in Chemical Research in 2021. Irreversible inhibitors are therefore the equivalent of poisons in heterogeneous catalysis. 57-11-4, Name is Stearic acid, molecular formula is C18H36O2, Product Details of 57-11-4, belongs to benzisoxazole compound, is a common compound. In a patnet, author is Yathirajan, HS, once mentioned the new application about 57-11-4.

Supramolecular assembly of the title compound, C12H14ClFN2O, is primarily governed by N-H+…Cl- and C-H…O interactions, and a putative C-H…F interaction. The piperidine ring assumes a chair conformation, with the substituted benzisoxazole ring in an equatorial position.

I hope this article can help some friends in scientific research. I am very proud of our efforts over the past few months and hope to 57-11-4 help many people in the next few years. Product Details of 57-11-4.

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

New research progress on 629-25-4 in 2021. Catalysts allow a reaction to proceed via a pathway that has a lower activation energy than the uncatalyzed reaction. 629-25-4, Name is Sodium Laurate, SMILES is CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.[Na+], in an article , author is Kim, HL, once mentioned of 629-25-4, Product Details of 629-25-4.

We evaluated our clinical experience with zonisamide, a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug, in a group of children with predominantly medically refractory epilepsy. A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients at our tertiary referral center following Institutional Review Board approval. Observers documented reports of seizure frequency, and seizure types were identified either clinically or by prior video-electroencephalography monitoring. We identified 68 patients (age range 1.9-18.1 years [median 6.9 years]; male to female ratio 1.3:1) treated with zonisamide for 0.7 to 28.9 months; at the last visit, 22% and 78% were on monotherapy and adjunctive therapy, respectively. The median duration of treatment and maintenance dose at the end of the follow-up were 11.2 months and 8.0 mg/kg/day, respectively. Seizure types included generalized (primary generalized tonic-clonic, myoclonic, tonic, atonic, absence) and partial (simple, complex, and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures); 10 (15%) patients had both partial and generalized seizures. Sixteen (25.8%) patients were seizure free, although five of them were already in remission prior to starting zonisamide. Thirteen (21.0%) patients had a >= 50% seizure reduction, 10 (16.1%) patients had a < 50% seizure reduction, 14 (22.6%) had no improvement in baseline seizures, and 9 (14.5%) reported having increased seizures. The latter were mostly associated with dosage alterations in concomitant antiepileptic drugs. Common side effects were central nervous system related, including behavioral or psychiatric (23.5%), cognitive dysfunction (12.0%), and sedation (10.3%). Eleven (16.2%) patients ultimately discontinued zonisamide, but only five were strictly due to side effects. Zonisamide is clinically effective against multiple seizure types in a significant proportion of children with epilepsy across a broad age range. Drug discontinuation as a result of side effects is uncommon. A reaction mechanism is the microscopic path by which reactants are transformed into products. Each step is an elementary reaction. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 629-25-4. Product Details of 629-25-4.

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Related Products of 57-11-4, New Advances in Chemical Research, May 2021.In classical electrochemical theory, both the electron transfer rate and the adsorption of reactants at the electrode control the electrochemical reaction. 57-11-4, Name is Stearic acid, SMILES is CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O, belongs to benzisoxazole compound. In a article, author is Wrobel, Z, introduce new discover of the category.

DBU/MgCl2 mediated reaction between nitroarenes and some CH acids bearing leaving group lead to 2,1-benzisoxazole derivatives under aprotic conditions. Ortho- directing effect was observed.

Related Products of 57-11-4, Because enzymes can increase reaction rates by enormous factors and tend to be very specific, typically producing only a single product in quantitative yield, they are the focus of active research.you can also check out more blogs about 57-11-4.

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Research speed reading in 2021.The appropriate choice of redox mediator can avoid electrode passivation and overpotential, which strongly inhibit the efficient activation of substrates in electrolysis. , Application In Synthesis of Stearic acid, Introducing a new discovery about 57-11-4, Name is Stearic acid, molecular formula is C18H36O2, belongs to benzisoxazole compound. In a document, author is De Simone, G.

The antiepileptic drug zonisamide was considered to act as a weak inhibitor of the zinc enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2. 1.1) (with a K, of 4.3 mu M against the cytosolic isozyme 11). Here we prove that this is not true. Indeed, testing zonisamide in the classical assay conditions of the CO2 hydrase activity of hCA II, with incubation times of enzyme and inhibitor solution of 15 min, a K-1 of 10.3 mu M has been obtained. However, when the incubation between enzyme and inhibitor was prolonged to 1d h, the obtained K-1 was of 35.2 nM, of the same order of magnitude as that of the clinically used sulfonamides/sulfamates acetazolantide, methazolamide, ethoxzolamide and topiramate (K(1)s in the range of 5.4-15.4 nM). The inhibition of the human mitochondrial isozyme hCA V with these compounds has been also tested by means of a dansylamide competition binding assay, which showed zonisamide and topiramate to be effective inhibitors, with K(1)s in the range of 20.6-25.4 nM. The X-ray crystal structure of the adduct of hCA 11 with zonisamide has also been solved at a resolution of 1.70 A, showing that the sulfonamide moiety participates in the classical interactions with the Zn(II) ion and the residues Thr199 and Glu106, whereas the benzisoxazole ring, is oriented toward the hydrophobic half of the active site, establishing a large number of strong van der Waals interactions (< 4.5 A) with residues Gln92, Vall2l, Phe131, Leu198, Thr200, Pro202. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. I hope this article can help some friends in scientific research. I am very proud of our efforts over the past few months and hope to 57-11-4 help many people in the next few years. Application In Synthesis of Stearic acid.

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Research speed reading in 2021. Chemistry is traditionally divided into organic and inorganic chemistry. The former is the study of compounds containing at least one carbon-hydrogen bonds. 6106-21-4, Name is Sodium succinate hexahydrate, SMILES is O=C([O-])CCC([O-])=O.[H]O[H].[H]O[H].[H]O[H].[H]O[H].[H]O[H].[H]O[H].[Na+].[Na+], in an article , author is Jimena Prieto, Maria, once mentioned of 6106-21-4, COA of Formula: https://www.ambeed.com/products/6106-21-4.html.

Risperidone is an approved antipsychotic drug belonging to the chemical class of benzisoxazole. This drug has low solubility in aqueous medium and poor bioavailability due to extensive first-pass metabolism and high protein binding (>90%). Since new strategies to improve efficient treatments are needed, we studied the efficiency of anionic G4.5 PAMAM dendrimers as nanocarriers for this therapeutic drug. To this end, we explored dendrimer-risperidone complexation dependence on solvent concentration, pH and molar relationship. The best dendrimer-risperidone incorporation (46 risperidone molecules per dendrimer) was achieved with a mixture of chloroform: methanol 50:50 v/v solution pH 3. In addition, to explore the possible effects of this complex, in vivo studies were carried out in the zebrafish model. Changes in the development of dopaminergic neurons and motoneurons were studied using tyrosine hydroxylase and calretinin, respectively. Physiological changes were studied through histological sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin to observe possible morphological brain changes. The most significant changes were observed when larvae were treated with free risperidone, and no changes were observed when larvae were treated with the complex.

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Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

New Advances in Chemical Research in 2021. Enzyme inhibitors cause a decrease in the reaction rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction by binding to a specific portion of an enzyme and thus slowing or preventing a reaction from occurring. 68-04-2, Name is Sodium citrate, SMILES is O=C(CC(C([O-])=O)(O)CC([O-])=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+], in an article , author is Serrano, Joao L., once mentioned of 68-04-2, Product Details of 68-04-2.

2,1-Benzisoxazoles, also called anthranils, are one of the two types of aromatic bicyclic heterocycles having a benzene ring fused with an isoxazole, which are particularly recognized as valuable intermediates in organic synthesis. Nevertheless several methods can be found in the literature to prepare 2,1-benzisoxazoles, we herein report a new, efficient, simple, mild, and alternative procedure to prepare 3-substituted-2,1-benzisoxazoles from 5-(2-nitrobenzylidene)barbiturates in moderate to good yields (51-82%). All the novel benzisoxazoles showed spectral data fully consistent with the assigned structures, which were unequivocally confirmed by single crystal X-ray analysis. A possible mechanism of the reaction is proposed. In addition, a screening of the bioactivity of these benzisoxazoles as xanthine oxidase inhibitors, antioxidants, and cytotoxic compounds was performed. The benzisoxazole formed from barbituric acid revealed moderate xanthine oxidase inhibitory effects (IC50 = 22.10 mu M). (C) 2017 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

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Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

New research progress on 35963-20-3 in 2021. Catalysts allow a reaction to proceed via a pathway that has a lower activation energy than the uncatalyzed reaction. 35963-20-3, Name is ((1R,4S)-7,7-Dimethyl-2-oxobicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-1-yl)methanesulfonic acid, SMILES is O=S(C[C@]1(C2(C)C)C(C[C@]2([H])CC1)=O)(O)=O, in an article , author is Hamada, K, once mentioned of 35963-20-3, Name: ((1R,4S)-7,7-Dimethyl-2-oxobicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-1-yl)methanesulfonic acid.

Purpose: Zonisamide (ZNS) and acetazolamide (AZM) are two antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) that differ in clinical efficacy. To elucidate the mechanisms of action of these compounds, we investigated their therapeutic and prophylactic effects in rats by using a kindling model of partial epilepsy. Methods: Electrodes were implanted into the left amygdala of adult male Wistar rats. The animals were stimulated at the afterdischarge threshold until Five stage 5 seizures were induced. The generalized seizure threshold was then determined. Therapeutic effects were examined in rats manifesting successive convulsions with near-threshold stimulation. To test prophylactic effects, drugs were administered intraperitoneally before daily kindling stimulation until the animal had a stage 5 seizure or reached day 18. Results: ZNS (10-40 mg/kg; n = 6) suppressed kindled seizures in a dose-dependent manner. Repeated administration for 7 days produced tolerance to anticonvulsive effects. AZM (25-200 mg/kg; n = 7) showed limited therapeutic effect, alleviating only the clonic convulsion in stage 5 seizures and reducing afterdischarge duration. Secondary generalization was not significantly suppressed during repeated treatment (50-200 mg/kg; n = 6). ZNS, 25 or 40 mg/kg (n = 8), significantly retarded seizure development; 15.0 or 17.0 daily stimulations were required to produce a stage 5 seizure. AZM, 50-200 mg/ kg (n = 6), also retarded seizure development, with 14.0-14.8 stimulations required. Conclusions: ZNS exhibited modest therapeutic and prophylactic effects, whereas AZM showed mainly prophylactic effects. Hypotheses are presented that may explain the mechanisms of action of these drugs.

Sometimes chemists are able to propose two or more mechanisms that are consistent with the available data. If a proposed mechanism predicts the wrong experimental rate law, however, the mechanism must be incorrect.Welcome to check out more blogs about 35963-20-3, in my other articles. Name: ((1R,4S)-7,7-Dimethyl-2-oxobicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-1-yl)methanesulfonic acid.

Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics